Structural insights into the regulation of the gene silencer PRC2
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is an epigenetic regulator that modifies histone H3 by trimethylation of lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Spreading of the H3K27me3 mark ultimately results in chromatin compaction and leads to the repression of the underlying genes. PRC2 activity is essential during embryonic development and to maintain cell identity in adulthood, with mutations and/or misregulation of PRC2 leading to cancer. We have studied the molecular principles underlying regulation of the core PRC2 by cofactors and by histone modifications. Recently, it has been shown that PRC2 undergoes auto-methylation within its catalytic SET domain, which results in stimulation of its function by an unknown mechanism. Using cryo-electron microscopy, optimized for fragile complexes, we have been able to obtain structural information that leads to a novel mechanism of autoregulation by an epigenetic factor.
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